2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
  4. DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

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RNA synthesis, which is also called DNA transcription, is a highly selective process. Transcription by RNA polymerase II extends beyond RNA synthesis, towards a more active role in mRNA maturation, surveillance and export to the cytoplasm.

Single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase using the complementary strand of the double helix as a template, with DNA ligase creating the final phosphodiester bond to fully repair the DNA.DNA ligases discriminate against substrates containing RNA strands or mismatched base pairs at positions near the ends of the nickedDNA. Bleomycin (BLM) exerts its genotoxicity by generating free radicals, whichattack C-4′ in the deoxyribose backbone of DNA, leading to opening of the ribose ring and strand breakage; it is an S-independentradiomimetic agent that causes double-strand breaks in DNA.

First strand cDNA is synthesized using random hexamer primers and M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase (RNase H). Second strand cDNA synthesis is subsequently performed using DNA Polymerase I and RNase H. The remaining overhangs are converted into blunt ends using exonuclease/polymerase activity. After adenylation of the 3′ ends of DNA fragments, NEBNext Adaptor with hairpin loop structure is ligated to prepare the samples for hybridization. Cell cycle and DNA replication are the top two pathways regulated by BET bromodomain inhibition. Cycloheximide blocks the translation of mRNA to protein.

DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Specific Products:

DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-143755
    Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-9
    Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-9 is a potent inhibitor of cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN). Not only can Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-9 inhibit influenza virus well, but also has lower cytotoxicity, better in vivo agent kinetic properties and in vivo pharmacodynamic properties. Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-9 has strong inhibitory effect on RNA polymerase activity of A virus (extracted from patent CN112521386A, compound VI-1).
    Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-9
  • HY-122099
    Riddelline
    		Inhibitor
    Riddelline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, is a potent genotoxic agent. Riddelline induces significant elevations in unscheduled DNA synthesis and S-phase synthesis in rat liver.
    Riddelline
  • HY-W720550
    5,6-Epoxyretinyl palmitate
    		Inhibitor
    5,6-Epoxyretinyl palmitate (5,6-Epoxy-RP) is one of the main photodegradation products of Retinyl palmitate (HY-B1384) produced under UVA light irradiation. 5,6-Epoxyretinyl palmitate exhibits phototoxicity to cells and causes significant DNA single-strand breaks, DNA damage, and chromosomal mutations under light conditions.
    5,6-Epoxyretinyl palmitate
  • HY-N17440
    2-Methoxyjuglone
    		Inhibitor
    2-Methoxyjuglone, a naphthoquinone, is an apoptosis inducer. 2-Methoxyjuglone activates caspase-9 and caspase-3 via the mitochondrial cytochrome c-dependent intrinsic apoptosis cascade. 2-Methoxyjuglone increases pro-apoptotic Bax levels, decreases anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 levels, and promotes mitochondrial cytochrome c release. 2-Methoxyjuglone induces apoptosis morphological features, early apoptosis, S-phase and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest, and DNA double-strand breaks. 2-Methoxyjuglone exerts activity against Gram-positive bacteria, pathogenic fungi, and phytopathogenic fungi. 2-Methoxyjuglone can be used for the research of hepatocellular carcinoma, osteosarcoma, colon adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, fungal infection, bacterial infection.
    2-Methoxyjuglone
  • HY-183546
    TDP1-IN-6
    		Inhibitor
    TDP1-IN-6 is a TDP1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.52 μM. Combination of TDP1-IN-6 with Topotecan (HY-13768) enhances DNA damage, induces Apoptosis, triggers S-phase cell cycle arrest, and promotes Ferroptosis. TDP1-IN-6 can be used for the research of cervical cancer.
    TDP1-IN-6
  • HY-N1639
    1-Decarboxy-3-oxo-ceanothic acid
    		Inhibitor
    1-Decarboxy-3-oxo-ceanothic acid is an anticancer agent. 1-Decarboxy-3-oxo-ceanothic acid inhibits DNA synthesis. 1-Decarboxy-3-oxo-ceanothic acid induces Apoptosis.
    1-Decarboxy-3-oxo-ceanothic acid
  • HY-179633
    ZLMT-72
    		Inhibitor
    ZLMT-72 is an orally active dual CDK2 and CDK9 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.741 nM and 1.03 nM, respectively. ZLMT-72 shows good selectivity in kinase profiling andcholinesterase inhibition activity. ZLMT-72 has strong antiproliferative effects in the colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line HCT116 (GI50 < 0.1 nM). ZLMT-72 induces apoptosis by inhibiting thephosphorylation of retinoblastoma and RNA polymerase II, resulting in downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins (Mcl-1 and XIAP). ZLMT-72 can be used for the study of colorectal cancer (CRC).
    ZLMT-72
  • HY-144371
    DHODH-IN-20
    DHODH-IN-20 (Compound 133) is a potent inhibitor of DHODH. DHODH is present in the inner membrane of human mitochondria and is an iron-containing flavin-dependent enzyme. DHODH-IN-20 inhibits tumor growth. DHODH-IN-20 has the potential for the research of acute myelogenous leukemia.
    DHODH-IN-20
  • HY-N0667S1
    L-Asparagine-15N2,d8
    L-Asparagine-15N2,d8 is the 15N- and deuterium labeled L-Asparagine (HY-N0667). L-Asparagine is an essential amino acid for leukemic cells and a substrate for L-Asparaginase. L-Asparaginase is a potent anti-leukemic enzyme that promotes asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) depletion and inhibits protein biosynthesis in lymphoblasts. Removal of L-asparagine from plasma by L-Asparaginase results in inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis and subsequent apoptosis. L-Asparaginase has cell-killing ability in vitro and in vivo, and selectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells with low asparagine synthetase (AASNS) expression. L-Asparagine can be used as a biomarker and sensor for the study of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
    L-Asparagine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>,d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-125930A
    T-2513 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    T-2513 hydrochloride is a selective topoisomerase I inhibitor. T-2513 hydrochloride binds covalently to and stabilizes the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and inhibits DNA replication and RNA synthesis, ultimately leading to cell death.
    T-2513 hydrochloride
  • HY-180176
    ALC1-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    ALC1-IN-1 (compound 1) is an ALC1 inhibitor in crystalline form that can be used in the research of cancer.
    ALC1-IN-1
  • HY-148231
    Dideoxy-amanitin
    		Inhibitor
    Dideoxy-amanitin (compound 2), an α-Amanitin (HY-19610) derivative, is a potent and selective RNA polymerase II allosteric inhibitor with an IC50 value of 74.2 nM.
    Dideoxy-amanitin
  • HY-179249
    Fluoroneplanocin A-8N
    		Inhibitor
    Fluoroneplanocin A-8N (Compound 3a) is an inhibitor targeting SAH hydrolase (IC50 = 1.51 μM) and viral RNA polymerase. Fluoroneplanocin A-8N exhibits broad-spectrum anti-SARS-CoV-2 and dengue virus activity, with EC50 values of 12.2 and 37.4 μM respectively. Fluoroneplanocin A-8N has no cytotoxicity. Fluoroneplanocin A-8N can be used for anti-positive-strand viruses.
    Fluoroneplanocin A-8N
  • HY-180782
    Triphenyltin(IV) diisopropyl dithiocarbamate
    		Inhibitor
    Triphenyltin(IV) diisopropyl dithiocarbamate (Compound OC2) is an anti-leukemia agent. Triphenyltin(IV) diisopropyl dithiocarbamate exhibits extremely strong cytotoxicity towards Jurkat cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 0.1 μM. Triphenyltin(IV) diisopropyl dithiocarbamate causes DNA damage, which subsequently leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, a large amount of ROS production, and ultimately results in the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway (involving the activation of Caspase-9/-3) and the G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, all of which jointly lead to the death of leukemia cells.
    Triphenyltin(IV) diisopropyl dithiocarbamate
  • HY-174849
    TdT-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    TdT-IN-1 (Compound 8c) is a selective and non-nucleoside terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) inhibitor with IC50 s of 0.11 and 0.19 μM for Mg2+ and Mn2+. TdT-IN-1 can be used for leukaemias and skin cancer research.
    TdT-IN-1
  • HY-P3187B
    exo-β-1,4-xylosidase, Bacteroides ovatus
    exo-β-1,4-xylosidase, Bacteroides ovatus (EC.3.2.1.37) is an exonuclease that specifically acts on the β-1,4 glycosidic bonds at the non-reducing ends of xylan and xylooligosaccharides. exo-β-1,4-xylosidase is Ca2+-dependent and reversibly binds to metal ions to catalyze the hydrolysis of β-1,4 glycosidic bonds, thereby degrading xylan to produce xylose. exo-β-1,4-xylosidase can be used in research fields such as lignocellulose bioconversion, bioethanol production, and optimization of xylan saccharification processes.
    exo-β-1,4-xylosidase, Bacteroides ovatus
  • HY-172962
    DNA Gyrase-IN-17
    		Inhibitor
    DNA Gyrase-IN-17 (Compound 5C) is a DNA Gyrase inhibitor. DNA Gyrase-IN-17 exhibits significant antibacterial activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains (such as Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.), with a MIC value of 62.5 μg/mL. DNA Gyrase-IN-17 interferes with DNA replication by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase. DNA Gyrase-IN-17 can be used in the development of antibacterial drugs, especially for the study of drug-resistant strains.
    DNA Gyrase-IN-17
  • HY-172552
    RECTAS-2.0
    RECTAS-2.0 is a small molecule designed to correct RNA mis-splicing caused by the GLA c.639+919G>A mutation, used for the research of Fabry disease.
    RECTAS-2.0
  • HY-B0147R
    Pefloxacin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Pefloxacin (Standard) (Pefloxacinium (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Pefloxacin (HY-B0147). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pefloxacin (Pefloxacinium) is a broad spectrum antibiotic. Pefloxacin blocks DNA replication by inhibiting DNA gyrase. Pefloxacin inhibits DNA relaxation catalyzed by topoisomerase I with an IC50 of 45 μg/mL. Pefloxacin exhibits antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacteroides fragilis with MIC90s of 0.12, 4, and 16 mg/L, respectively. Pefloxacin has anti-Plasmodium yoelii infection activity. Pefloxacin increase UVA-induced edema and immunesuppression. Pefloxacin can be used for infection studies.
    Pefloxacin (Standard)
  • HY-P10516
    BRC4 peptide
    BRC4 peptide is a specific peptide in BRCA2 protein that interacts with RAD51 protein to help repair broken DNA chains. BRC4 peptide can be used to study DNA repair mechanisms and cancer occurrence.
    BRC4 peptide
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Comparison

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